Mounjaro & Wegovy: A Closer Look at Weight Loss Drugs, Risks, and the Role of Nutrition

Mounjaro and Wegovy are widely touted as revolutionary solutions for weight loss. While these drugs can deliver significant results for those struggling with obesity, they are far from a quick fix.

There are risks associated with their use, including nutrient deficiencies, serious side effects, and potential weight regain. Before considering these medications, it is essential to explore every other avenue and approach their use with caution and full awareness of the implications.

I want to clarify that I am not a doctor, nor do I claim to be one. I cannot diagnose medical conditions and should never comment on medications beyond understanding their interactions with nutrients, other medications, and the nutrient deficiencies they may cause. I will never question a GP's judgment on how to serve their patients. Staying within my scope of practice is paramount, and while I do not advise on whether a client should or should not be on medications, I am frequently asked about these topics. The connection between nutrition and these medications is significant enough for me to discuss the highlights while always respecting medical authority.

The Science Behind GLP-1 and GIP

Both Mounjaro and Wegovy act on hormones called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and, in the case of Mounjaro, also GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). These hormones are part of the incretin system, which regulates appetite, digestion, and blood sugar levels.

GLP-1:

GLP-1 promotes feelings of fullness, slows stomach emptying, and enhances insulin secretion to regulate blood sugar. Drugs like Wegovy mimic this hormone to suppress appetite and reduce caloric intake.

GIP:

Mounjaro targets both GLP-1 and GIP, enhancing insulin secretion and potentially amplifying weight loss and metabolic benefits compared to GLP-1 alone.

Key Concerns with Mounjaro and Wegovy

1. Nutrient Deficiencies: By slowing gastric emptying, these medications can impair the absorption of critical nutrients. Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), B12, and iron have been reported. Research indicates that prolonged use of GLP-1 receptor agonists can deplete B12 levels, which may lead to anaemia and neurological issues if not addressed.

2. Serious Side Effects: These medications are associated with a range of side effects, including:

   • Gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and reflux.

   • Low blood pressure (hypotension) and episodes of hypoglycaemia (especially when combined with other diabetes medications).

   • Hair loss and fatigue, which can be distressing for many users.

   • Mental health concerns, including links to depression, anxiety, and in rare cases, suicidal ideation.

   • Rare but serious risks such as gallbladder disease and pancreas conditions

3. Weight Regain: Clinical studies show that up to 60-70% of weight lost is regained within a year of stopping these medications. This highlights the importance of making lasting dietary and lifestyle changes alongside their use.

4. The Allure of a Quick Fix: These drugs are often marketed as easy solutions, but they require ongoing medical supervision, and the long-term safety and efficacy data are limited. It is crucial to approach their use with caution, considering the potential side effects and lack of extensive research on long-term outcomes.

Are These Drugs the Answer?

For individuals with obesity who have exhausted other options, these medications can provide significant benefits. However, they are not a magic solution and should not be the first step in a weight loss journey. Instead, they should be seen as tools to support those with serious medical needs under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

As a nutritional therapist, it is not my role to recommend or discourage the use of these drugs. That said, they should only be considered after all other avenues, such as personalised nutrition and lifestyle interventions, have been explored. Used appropriately, they can be helpful, but they come with risks that should not be overlooked.

The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle

No medication can replace the benefits of a nutrient-dense diet and healthy lifestyle. These foundational elements are critical for long-term weight management, especially for those using Mounjaro or Wegovy.

How Food Supports Weight Loss Naturally

• Fibre-Rich Foods: High-fibre foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains mimic some effects of GLP-1 by promoting satiety and slowing digestion. Fibre also supports a healthy gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in weight regulation.

• Protein and Healthy Fats: Protein preserves lean muscle mass during weight loss and enhances feelings of fullness. Healthy fats, found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, contribute to satiety and hormone regulation.

• Physical Activity: Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity, supports metabolism, and aids in maintaining weight loss. Combining resistance training with aerobic activity provides optimal results.

• Gut Microbiome Health: A balanced gut microbiome influences hunger hormones, inflammation, and energy metabolism. Fermented foods, probiotics, and prebiotics can help maintain gut health.

Building Sustainable Habits for Long-Term Success

To prevent weight regain after discontinuing Mounjaro or Wegovy, it is crucial to adopt lasting habits that support overall health and well-being. This includes:

• Personalised Nutrition Plans: Tailored diets focusing on whole, nutrient-dense foods can address deficiencies and complement medication use.

• Lifestyle Changes: Incorporating regular physical activity, managing stress, and prioritising sleep are essential for long-term success.

• Ongoing Monitoring: Regularly assessing progress and making necessary adjustments ensures sustainable results.

How I Can Help

As a registered nutritional therapist, I am here to help you explore natural, evidence-based strategies for weight management. If you are considering or currently using medications like Mounjaro or Wegovy, I can support you by:

1. Addressing Nutrient Deficiencies: Designing meal plans to optimise your nutrient intake and counteract potential deficiencies caused by these drugs.

2. Creating Sustainable Habits: Helping you develop routines that align with your goals and support long-term health.

3. Preventing Weight Regain: Equipping you with tools and strategies to maintain your progress when transitioning off medication.

4. Finding the root cause of previous barriers to weight loss.

If you’d like personalised support to boost your weight loss and tackle fatigue, book a free 20-minute Health Review call with me today, and let’s create a plan to keep you energized, balanced, and thriving.

Sound good? Book in a free 20 minute Health Review call and see if we can work together.

I'm Gemma Westfold, BANT registered Nutritional Therapist.